United States Coast Guard (USCG) Emergency Phone Numbers (24 hours a day):
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USCG Pacific Area
1-510-437-3701

USCG Atlantic Area
1-757-398-6231
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Regional Search and Rescue (SAR) Centers (24 hours a day):

USCG Puerto Rico
1-787-289-2041

USCG Hawaii
1-808-535-3333

USCG Guam (RCC Guam)
1-671-564-8724

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USCG Communications Centers (24 hours a day):

USCG Communications Area Master Station Pacific (CAMSPAC)
High Frequency (HF)/Shortwave Transmitters/Receivers in California and Hawaii
1-415-669-2000 (option 2)
1-415-669-2047 (Direct to Communications Watch Officer/CWO)

USCG Communications Area Master Station Atlantic (CAMSLANT)
High Frequency (HF)/Shortwave Transmitters/Receivers in Virginia, Massachusetts, Florida and Louisiana
1-757-421-6400 (extension 0)
1-757-421-6240 (Direct to Communications Watch Officer/CWO)

USCG Communications Station (COMMSTA) Kodiak
High Frequency (HF)/Shortwave Transmitters/Receivers throughout Alaska
1-907-487-5778 (Direct to Communications Watch Officer/CWO)
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Additional information on the Internet:

http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg534/Contact_CG.asp (How to contact the USCG)
http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg534/RCC_numbers.asp (USCG Rescue Coordination Centers)
http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg534/default.asp (USCG Office of Search And Rescue)